Examples: Jilu axona, Azerbaijan Jewish axxona/axona (Garbell 1965, 297), Tisqopa axona (Rubba, individual correspondence)

(20) The definition of for ‘brother’, aha during the BT, have at exactly the same time become enhanced, even though this means is additionally included in Turoyo. Hertevin features each other ?aha and ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic has only aha (Macuch 1965, 495).

On the other hand, exterior NENA, we have most other terms: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)

(21) You to rather mystical product that is attested throughout NENA languages but Sanandaj Christian (hence most likely just a go gap about proof) are aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues this particular word comes from the resources ql ‘to end up being crooked’. All the languages make use of the setting aqla, but Koy Sanjaq aqla and you will Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.

(22) Several other phrase chatted about by Krotkoff (1985, 131-thirty two, 134) are baxta ‘woman’, which includes supplanted the newest Syriac atta in most NENA, however inside Turoyo otherwise Mandaic. This keyword seems to result from Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It’s interesting to see you to definitely an unequal plural survives into the multiple languages: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and Halabja inse.

(23) An unexpected invention mentioned from the Noldeke (1868, 59) try rxata, equal to Syriac rhat. The change off h so you’re able to x within this one-word try utilized in all of the NENA languages the spot where the verb was attested. Examples: Sanandaj Christian raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi roentgen-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).

(24) Various other unforeseen development ‘s the NENA verb ‘fear’, which will take the new versions zda?a, zdaya, and you may zdala on certain dialects. Macuch and you sites de rencontres pour bdsm can Panoussi (1974, 50) render a possible derivation regarding the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Forms to the infixed d are observed in all the newest NENA dialects in which the means was attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-dreading (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)

Not all the of determining top features of NENA are located in both Turoyo or Mandaic

I believe your a lot more than will make it clear the NENA languages show many distinctive faculties which are located none in the previous attested different Aramaic neither throughout the other life style languages. These characteristics assortment along the domain names away from phonology, morphology, additionally the lexicon.

Particularly, all of the dialects off NENA consent within the criteria 2, 9, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, 21, and twenty-two. Most of the dialects where i’ve suggestions also agree with requirements 20, 23, and twenty-four.

Just about Halabja concur within the requirements 8 and eleven. Criterion 6 is found in all dialects except Halabja, Hertevin, and you may Sanandaj Religious.

Despite its interior divisions, the NENA languages means a stunningly defined group, divided demonstrably away from both Turoyo and you will Mandaic. The positioning of these languages away from NENA soft is beyond concern.

The levels that has is actually common across NENA is particularly epic whenever we take into account the immense differences when considering various languages. The brand new determine of almost every other languages toward NENA could have been each other strong and greater, plus the degree of mutual intelligibility anywhere between dialects can be quite quick. The many shared innovations dispute highly to possess a familiar supply from the fresh NENA languages, in both an individual dialect or even in a group of closely associated dialects. At the same time, we are able to detect a handful of important bundles off isoglosses and therefore portray this new limits out of dialect communities.

a) Brand new dialect of Halabja cannot show specific important innovations hence can be found thanks to the other countries in the dialects. It generally does not means an excellent CCiC-le preterite out of intransitive verbs (8), it has zero b(it)- coming marker (10), possesses no 3rd people only one copula with step one (11). This can be the absolute most practical department anywhere between languages away from NENA. It indicates that leftover languages setting a team by which innovations bequeath when you are Halabja remained unaffected by them.