The results regarding drying out approach on the structural characteristics

The brand new test is included having silicone polymer grease to help you water-resistant the information presented. Visible volume is mentioned that have an excellent steropycnometer ( Loch-Bonazzi and others 1992 ).

Previous, very real suggestions for computing apparent volume was proposed, plus laser beam researching ( Uyar and you may Erdogdu 2009 ; Kelkar while some 2011 ), computerized tomography ( Mendoza and others 2007 ; Kelkar while some 2011 ), and you will magnetized resonance imaging ( Kelkar while others 2011 ). This type of techniques incorporate optic gadgets and you can official software to help you processes and manage 3d photo regarding things, figuring regularity that have limited differences or finite feature. But not, the brand new disadvantages of them procedure provide more benefits than the gurus, because a certain background is needed, and additionally authoritative products which is alot more costly than simply antique processes.

Compilation off Studies

A great amount of really works features handled the brand new conclusion off genuine and you may obvious thickness, in the latest drying techniques plus in brand new rehydration out of food items (Table 1 and you may 2). These studies check multiple edibles confronted with some drying out requirements and in various mathematical molds. The fresh variables which were learned are listed below: stress (P), relative moisture (RH), drying heavens velocity (?), and you will drying out temperatures (T), yet others. Pretreatments like blanching, coatings, and osmotic dehydration, as well as others, have been said ( Boukouvalas while others 2006 ).

Old-fashioned convective drying, microwave oven drying out, osmotic drying out, spray-drying, vacuum-drying out, and you may lyophilization may be the mostly utilized measures; they might be examined not as much as one another ongoing and you will varying working criteria ( Pezzutti and you will C ; Doymaz and you can Pala 2002 ). Content dehydrated by the convective strategy try characterized by their low porosity and higher visible density ( Zogzas and others 1994 ). Equivalent qualities was in fact claimed to have material dehydrated towards the microwave method, because a mix of this type of dos tips is generally put ( Krokida while some 2000 ). Osmotic dehydration leads to a boost in visible thickness for most product, and you may a fall for others. So it event might have been caused by the rise from inside the solids while in the the fresh osmotic techniques ( Krokida and you may Maroulis 1997 ). Lyophilization production circumstances that have reduced density, along with their porosity; this method provides the highest quality outcome, and there’s no deformations regarding procedure, color and aroma are managed. Nonetheless, it does feel the disadvantage to be costly and you will requiring long drying out symptoms ( Krokida and you will ).

Numerous architectural details from foods had been examined in the lyophilization processes. Sablani although some (2007) discovered that obvious density, genuine thickness, and you can porosity are a purpose of water content (X) and plate heat; yet not, there is certainly insufficient clarity throughout these inclinations ( Karathanos and others 1996 ; Sablani although some 2007 ; Oikonomopoulou while some 2011 ).

The consequences away from drying out criteria into occurrence

Specific article authors have discovered that aftereffect of relative moisture on correct and you can noticeable density is minimal ( Zogzas while others 1994 ). Although the results of drying out sky acceleration to the thickness have not become studied, possible collect research off individuals bibliographic provide it comes to 1 procedure; such research recommend that real and you may apparent occurrence is actually all the way down within down drying out air velocities (Dining table step 1). not, next browse on the topic is necessary. Partners research has reported toward negative effects of the fresh new geometry out-of the materials on the occurrence, though it has been discovered so you’re able to dictate apparent occurrence philosophy. Eg, the brand new density away from entire garlic cloves possess a good concave-off profile in terms of X; alternatively, garlic cloves sliced by 50 percent monitor an excellent linear, ascendant inclination depending on the reduction of X ( Lozano while others 1983 ).